Petrographic Study of the Meso-Neo Proterozoic Kaimur Sandstone, Vindhyan Supergroup, Chittorgarh, southeastern Rajasthan, India: Implication for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Paleoclimate
Keywords:
Kaimur Sandstone, Petrography, X-ray diffraction, Provenance, Tectonic setting, Southeastern Rajasthan.Abstract
Proterozoic Kaimur Sandstone succession rests unconformably on calcium carbonate-rich succession of the Khorip Group (Lower Vindhyan) in and around Chittorgarh, southeastern part of Rajasthan. The Kaimur Group consists multicoloured, medium -to fine-grained, thick beds of sandstones with thin beds of sandy shale and flagstone, display of various primary sedimentary structures such as current bedding, ripple marks and mud cracks. Kaimur quartz arenite composed of varieties of quartz with rare feldspar, mica, rock fragments, and heavy minerals. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data has shown that quartz is more abundant with little iron oxide mineral. The provenance, tectonic setting and paleoclimatic of the Kaimur Sandstone is evaluated using integrated petrographic studies. Analysis reveals detrital derivation from granitic and metamorphic Precambrian basement source rocks of a craton interior setting with a minor quartzose recycled sedimentary rock. Intense weathering in warm and humid climate indicated lack of feldspar and rock fragments. Paleocurrent indicate flow from NW and SW.
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References
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Basu, A., Young, S. W., Suttner, L. J., James, W. C., Mack, G. H. (1975), Re-evaluation of the use of undulatory extinction and polycrystallinity in detrital quartz for provenance interpretation. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 45(4), p. 873-882.
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Bose, P. K., Banerjee, S., Sarkar, S. (1997), Slope-controlled seismic deformation and tectonic framework of deposition of Koldaha Shale, India. Tectonophysics, v. 269, p. 151-169.
Burnett, D. J., Quirk, D. G. (2001), Turbidite provenance in the Lower Paleozoic Manx Group, Isle of man; implications for the tectonic setting of Eastern Avalonia. Journal of Geological Society of London, v. 158, p. 913-924.
Carver, R. E. (1971) Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology. Wiley-interscience (New York), p 653.
Chaudhari, A. K., Mukhopadhyay, J., Patranabis-Deb, S., Chanda, S. K. (1999), The Neoproterozoic cratonic successions of peninsular India. Gondwana Research, v. 2, p. 213-225.
Critelli, S. (2018), Provenance of Mesozoic to Cenozoic circum-Mediterranean sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Earth-science reviews, v. 185, p. 624-648.
Crook, K. A. W. (1974), Lithogenesis and geotectonics: The significance of compositional variation in flysch arenites (greywackes). Society of Economic Paleontology and Mineralogist, v. 19, p. 304-310.
Dickinson, W. R. (1985), Interpreting provenance relations from detrital modes of sandstones. In: Zuffa, G.G. (ed.), Provenance of Arenites. Reidel Publishing Company, Reidel, p. 231-247.
Dickinson, W. R. (1988), Provenance and Sediment Dispersal in Relation to Paleotectonics and Paleogeography of Sedimentary Basins. In: Kleinspehn K.L., Paola C. (eds) New Perspectives in Basin Analysis. Frontiers in Sedimentary Geology, p. 3-25.
Dickinson, W. R., Beard, L. S., Brakenridge, G. R., Erjavec, J. L., Ferguson, R. C., Inmam, K. F., Knepp, R. A., Lindberg, F. A., Ryberg, P. T. (1983), Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Geological Society of American Bulletin, v. 94, p. 222-235.
Dickinson, W. R., Suczek, C. A. (1979), Plate-tectonics and sandstones composition. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, v. 63, p. 2164-2182.
Folk, R. L. (1980), Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Austin (Texas, U.S.A.) Hemphill Publishing Company, p. 182.
Ingersoll, R. V., Bullard, T., Ford, R., Grimm, J., Pickle, J., Sares, S. (1984), The effect of grain size on detrital modes: a test of the Gazzi Dickinson point-counting method. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, p. 103-116.
Ingersoll, R. V., Suczek, C. A. (1979), Petrology and provenance of Neogene sand from Nicobar and Bengal fans, DSDP sites 211 and 218. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 49(4), p. 1217-1228.
Johnsson, M. J., Basu, A. (1993), Processes controlling the composition of clastic sediments. Geological Society of America, p. 284:342.
Khan, A. A. (2013), Paleogeography of the Indian Peninsula vis-Ã -vis Geodynamic and Petrotectonic Significance of the Vindhyan Basin With Special Reference to Neo-Meso Proterozoic, Jour. Ind. Geol. Cong., v. 5(1), p. 65-76.
Krynine, P. D. (1940), Petrology and genesis of the Third Bradford Sand (No. 29). School of Mineral Industries, Pennsylvania State College, p. 533.
Malone, S. J., Meert, J. G., Banerjee, D. M., Pandit, M. K., Tamrat, E., Kamenov, G. D., Pradhan, V. R., Sohl, L. E. (2008), Paleomagnatism and detrital zircon geochronology of the upper Vindhyan sequence, Son Valley and Rajasthan, India: A ca.1000 Ma closure age for the Purana basins?. Precambrian Research, v. 164, p. 137-159.
Morton, A. C. (1985), Heavy Minerals in Provenance Studies. In: Zuffa G.G. (eds) Provenance of Arenites. NATO ASI Series (Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences), Springer Dordrecht, v. 148, p. 249-250.
Morton, A. C., Davies, J. R., Waters, R. A. (1992), Heavy minerals as a guide to turbidite provenance in the Lower Paleozoic Southern Welsh Basin: a pilot study. Geological Magazine, v. 129, p. 573-580.
Pettijohn, F. J., Potter, P. E., Seiver, R. (1987), Sand and Sandstone. Springer-Verlag New York, p. 533.
Pittman, E. D. (1970), Plagioclase as an indicator of provenance in sedimentary rocks. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 40, p. 591-598.
Potter, P. E. (1978a), Petrology and chemistry of modern big river sands. Journal of Geology, v. 86, p. 423-449.
Prasad, B. (1984), Geology, sedimentation and palaeogeography of the Vindhyan Supergroup, southeastern Rajasthan. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, v. 116(1-2), p. 1-107.
Prasad, B. R., Rao, V. V. (2006), Deep seismic reflection study over the Vindhyans of Rajasthan: implications for geophysical setting of the basin. Journal of earth system science, v. 115(1), p. 135-147.
Raza, M., Khan, A., Bhardwaj, V. R., Rais, S. (2012), Geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of upper Vindhyan Group, southeastern Rajasthan and implications for weathering history, composition and tectonic setting of continental crust in the northern part of Indian shield. Journal of Asian earth sciences, v. 48, p. 160-172.
Sarkar, S., Banerjee, S., Chakra borty, S., Bose, P. K. (2002), Shelf storm flow dynamics: insight from the Mesoproterozoic Rampur Shale, central India. Sedimentary Geology, v. 147(1-2), p. 89-104.
Sharma, J. N., Chutia, A. (2013), Petrography and heavy mineral analysis of Tipam sandstones exposed on the Tipam hill of Sita Kunda area, upper Assam, India. South East Asian Journal of Sedimentary Basin Research, v. 1, p. 28-34.
Soni, M. K., Chakarborty, S., Jain, V. K. (1987), Vindhyan Supergroup - a review. In: Purana Basin of India (Middle to Late Proterozoic). Geological Society of India Memoir, v. 6, p. 87-138.
Suttner, L. J., Basu, A., Mack, G. H. (1981), Climate and the origin of quartz arenites. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 51(4), p. 1235-1246.
Suttner, L. J., Dutta, P. K. (1986), Alluvial sandstones and paleoclimate-framework mineralogy. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 56, p. 329-345.
Tortosa, A., Palomares, M., Arribas, J. (1991), Quartz grain types in Holocene deposits from the Spanish Central System: some problems in provenance analysis. Geological Society London (Special Publications), v. 57(1), p. 47-54.
Verma, S. P., Armstrong-Altrin, J. S. (2013), New multi-dimensional diagrams for tectonic discrimination of siliciclastic sediments and their application to Precambrian basins. Chemical Geology, v. 355, p. 117-133.
Verma, S. P., Armstrong-Altrin, J. S. (2016), Geochemical discrimination of siliciclastic sediments from active and passive margin settings. Sedimentary Geology, v. 332, p. 1-12.
Wanas, H. A., Abdel-Maguid, N.M. (2006), Petrography and geochemistry of the Cambro-Ordovician Wajid Sandstone, southwest Saudi Arabia: Implications for provenance and tectonic setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 416-429.
Published
2019-12-31
How to Cite
Hasan, M. (2019). Petrographic Study of the Meso-Neo Proterozoic Kaimur Sandstone, Vindhyan Supergroup, Chittorgarh, southeastern Rajasthan, India: Implication for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Paleoclimate. Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists (peer Reviewed), 36(1), 51–64. Retrieved from http://journal.indiansedimentologists.com/ojs/index.php/1/article/view/78
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