Reminiscing over six decades of global scientific journey (1962-2024): Sedimentary processes, environments, deposits, deformation, fossil fuels, Climate change and groupthink
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v3i1.378Abstract
This review is based on my Address delivered as the Chief Guest at the 39th Convention of the Indian Association of Sedimentologists at Annamalai University in Tamil Nadu, India on December 6 2023, Wednesday Morning, just after the Inauguration of the above Convention (Shanmugam, 2023f). My scientific journey from Annamalai University to America and beyond is composed of the following attributes:
- Covering a span of 62 years (1962?2024).
- It began unexpectedly, but owes it to the great motivation of Prof. T. N. Muthuswami Iyer.
- It began with no specific long-term agenda.
- While, at Mobil Oil Company, fortunately, many research projects were assigned to me.
- Thus inducing, enabling and culminating in over 150 projects - as a student, researcher, teacher, and consultant.
- Duration of projects varied from just 3 months in some to about10 years in a few cases.
- These Projects taught me to transform many obstacles to opportunities.
- By investing 100% of my energy, focus, and efforts, irrespective of the Project being small or very large.
- All the projects pursued are based on empirical data derived from drill cores, outcrops, and experiments. The underpinning of all my research work has always been to unravel the truth, without the distraction of Groupthink.
- Thus, the unstinted devotion to work and research enabled the publication of almost every research topic during the past 62 years resulting in over 380 published works, including five Elsevier books.
The Convention Address was thus a glimpse of the scientific journey undertaken, in terms of
- People: Scientists and others,
- Projects: >150 (Global),
- Publications: >380,
- Recognition: Several,
- Nature Photography: Norway, China, Ecuador, Spain, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and,
- A Perspective.
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Shanmugam, G. (2001). Book Review: “Fine-Grained Turbidite Systems” edited by A.H. Bouma and C.G. Stone: Episodes, v. 24, no. 4, p. 284 (2001).
Shanmugam, G. (2002a). Ten turbidite myths. Earth-Science Reviews, 58, 311–341.
Shanmugam, G. (2002b). Book Review: “Fine-grained turbidite systems” edited by A.H. Bouma and C.G. Stone:American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, vol. 86, No. 6, pp.1133-1134 (June, 2002).
Shanmugam, G. (2003). Deep-marine tidal bottom currents and their reworked sands in modern and ancient submarine canyons. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20, 471–491.
Shanmugam, G. (2006a). Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 476.
Shanmugam, G. (2006b). The tsunamite problem. J. Sedimentary Research, 76, 718–730.
Shanmugam, G. (2007). The obsolescence of deep-water sequence stratigraphy in petroleum geology. Indian Journal of Petroleum Geology, 16(1), 1–45.
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Shanmugam, G. (2008b). Chapter 5 Deep-water bottom currents and their deposits. In: Rebesco, M., Camerlenghi, A. (Eds.), Contourites, Developments in Sedimentology, Vol. 60. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 59–81.
Shanmugam, G. (2008c). Leaves in turbidite sand: the main source of oil and gas in the deep-water Kutei Basin, Indonesia: discussion. AAPG Bull. 92, 127–137.
Shanmugam, G. (2008d). Slides, slumps, debris flows, and turbidity currents. In: Steele, J.H., Turekian, K.K., Thorpe, S.A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, second ed. Elsevier, ISBN: 978-0-12-374473-9, pp. 447–467.
Shanmugam, G. (2008e). Book Review: “Economic and Palaeoceanographic Significance of Contourite Deposits”. Edited by A. R. Viana and M. Rebesco. Geological Society (London) Special Publication 276, 2007. Book review in Journal of Sedimentary Research: URL: http://spot.colorado.edu/~jsedr/BookReviews/bookreviews.htm
Shanmugam, G. (2009a). Comment on “Late Holocene Rupture of the Northern San Andreas Fault and Possible Stress Linkage to the Cascadia Subduction Zone” by C. Goldfinger, K. Grijalva, R. Bürgmann, A. E. Morey, J. E. Johnson, C. Hans Nelson, J. Gutie´rrez-Pastor, A. Ericsson, E. Karabanov, J. D. Chaytor, J. Patton, and E. Grácia. Bull. Seismol. Soc. America, 99-4, 2594-2598.
Shanmugam, G. (2009b). Book Review: “The Cambridge Handbook of Earth Science Data”, by Paul Henderson & Gideon M. Henderson, 2009. Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK (published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York). Paperback, 277 pages. Price GBP 17.99; USD 30.00. ISBN 978-0-521-69317-2.
Shanmugam, G. (2011). Book Review: “Deep-Sea Sediments” by Hüeneke, H., Mulder, T. (Eds.), 2011. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Developments in Sedimentology 63”. Geologos.
Shanmugam, G. (2012a). New Perspectives on Deep-Water Sandstones: Origin, Recognition, Initiation, and Reservoir Quality, 9. Elsevier, Handbook of Petroleum Exploration and Production, Amsterdam, p. 524.
Shanmugam, G. (2012b). Process-sedimentological challenges in distinguishing paleo-tsunami deposits. In: Kumar, A., Nister, I. (Eds.), Paleo-tsunamis. Natural Hazards, 63, pp. 5–30.
Shanmugam, G. (2013). Modern internal waves and internal tides along oceanic pycnoclines: challenges and implications for ancient deep-marine baroclinic sands. AAPG Bulletin, 97, 767–811.
Shanmugam, G. (2014). Review of research in internal-wave and internal-tide deposits of China, discussion. Journal of Palaeogeography, 3 (4), 332–350.
Shanmugam, G. (2015). The landslide problem. Journal of Palaeogeography, 4(2), 109–166.
Shanmugam, G. (2016a). Submarine fans: a critical retrospective (1950–2015). Journal of Palaeogeography, 5(2), 110–184.
Shanmugam, G. (2016b). The contourite problem. In: Mazumder, R. (Ed.), Sediment Provenance. Elsevier, pp. 183–254. Chapter 9.
Shanmugam, G. (2016c). The seismite problem. Journal of Palaeogeography, 5(4), 318–362.
Shanmugam, G. (2017a). Global case studies of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS): definitions, classifications, advances, origins, and problems. Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(4), 251–320.
Shanmugam, G. (2017b). Contourites: physical oceanography, process sedimentology, and petroleum geology. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 44 (2), 183–216.
Shanmugam, G. (2017c). The response of stromatolites to seismic shocks: tomboliths from the Palaeoproterozoic Chaibasa Formation, E India: discussion and liquefaction basics. Journal of Palaeogeography, 6 (3), 224–234.
Shanmugam, G. (2017d). The fallacy of interpreting SSDS with different types of breccias as seismites amid the multifarious origins of earthquakes: implications. Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(1), 12–44.
Shanmugam, G. (2018a). The hyperpycnite problem. Journal of Palaeogeography, 7(3), 197–238.
Shanmugam, G. (2018b). Bioturbation and trace fossils in deep-water contourites, turbidites, and hyperpycnites: a cautionary note. In: Special Issue dedicated to George Devries Klein by the Journal of the Indian Association of Sedimentologists (JIAS). Journal Indian Association of Sedimentologists, 35 (2), 13–32.
Shanmugam, G. (2018c). A global satellite survey of density plumes at river mouths and at other environments: plume configurations, external controls, and implications for deep-water sedimentation. Petrol. Explor. Development, 45(4), 640–661.
Shanmugam, G. (2018d). Preface to the Special Issue dedicated to George Devries Klein by the Journal of the Indian Association of Sedimentologists (JIAS). Journal Indian Association of Sedimentologists, 35(2), 1-5.
Shanmugam, G. (2018e). An extended tribute to Professor George Devries Klein (1933-2018): A sedimentologic pioneer and a petroleum geologist. Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists, 35(1), 107–118
Shanmugam, G., (2018f). Comment on “Iconological analysis of contourites: Past, present and future” by Francisco J. Rodriguez-Tovar and F. Javier Hernández-Molina [Earth- Science Reviews, 182 (2018), 28–41]. Earth-Science Reviews 184 (2018) 46–49
Shanmugam, G. (2019a). Global significance of wind forcing on deflecting sediment plumes at river mouths: implications for hyperpycnal flows, sediment transport, and provenance. Journal Indian Association of Sedimentologists, 36(2), 1–37.
Shanmugam, G. (2019b). Reply to discussions by Zavala (2019) and by Van Loon, Hüeneke, and Mulder (2019) on Shanmugam, G. (2018, Journal of Palaeogeography, 7 (3): 197–238): the hyperpycnite problem. Journal of Palaeogeography, 8 (4): 408–421.
Shanmugam, G. (2019c). Slides, Slumps, Debris Flows, Turbidity Currents, Hyperpycnal Flows, and Bottom Currents. In: J. Kirk Cochran, Henry J. Bokuniewicz and Patricia L. Yager (Editors-in-Chief), Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (Third Edition) Volume 4, pp. 228-257.
Shanmugam, G. (2020). Gravity flows: Types, definitions, origins, identification markers, and problems. Journal Indian Association of Sedimentologists, 37(2), 61-90.
Shanmugam, G. (2021a). Mass transport, gravity flows, and bottom currents: Downslope and alongslope processes and deposits. Elsevier, Amsterdam, ISBN: 9780128225769, p. 608.
Shanmugam, G. (2021b). "The turbidite-contourite-tidalite-baroclinite-hybridite problem: orthodoxy vs. empirical evidence behind the “Bouma Sequence”. Jour. Palaeogeography, v. 10, No. 1. Online https://doi.org/10.1186/s42501-021-00085-
Shanmugam, G. (2021c). Deep-water processes and deposits. In Encyclopedia of geology, ed. David Alderton and Scott A. Elias, 2nd ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 965–1009.
Shanmugam, G. (2022a). Book Review of “River Planet: Rivers from Deep Time to the Modern Crisis by Martin Gibling”. Jour. Palaeogeography, v. 11, No. 1, 145=150.
Shanmugam, G. (2022b). Comment on “Ichnological analysis: A tool to characterize deep-marine processes and sediments” by Francisco J. Rodriguez-Tovar [Earth-Science Reviews, 228 (2022), 104014]. Earth-Science Reviews. Article in press.
Shanmugam, G. (2022c). Comment on “A new classification system for mixed (turbidite-contourite) depositional systems: Examples, conceptual models and diagnostic criteria for modern and ancient records” by S. Rodrigues, F.J. Hernández-Molina, M. Fonnesu, E. Miramontes, M. Rebesco, D. C. Campbell [Earth-Science Reviews (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104030]" Earth-Science Reviews. Article in press.
Shanmugam, G. (2022d). Sedimentary Basins: Processes, deposits, palaeogeography, and challenges. Keynote Lecture, 37th Convention of the Indian Association of Sedimentologists, University of Jammu, India, April 27, Wednesday, 10:00 AM (Jammu, India Time), 2022, Virtual Platform. In: IAS Abstract volume. P. 6-26.
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