Petroleum Potential of the West Coast of India
Keywords:
Deep-water Hydrocarbon Potential, Western Indian margin, Early rifting history, Saurashtra/Mumbai offshore basins,Abstract
This paper suggests that high oil potential exists for the outer shelf/slope of Kutch, Saurashtra, and Mumbai offshore basins along the western Indian margin. During the early rifting (Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary), area seaward of these offshore basins developed into a restricted seaway bordered by the Indian margin to the east, Laxmi Ridge to the west, an arm of the newly forming Mid Indian-Ocean Ridge to the north, and an extension of the Laccadive Ridge to the south. This narrow basin was filled by early-rift lagoonal and fluvial sediments. During the transition to post-rift (drift) stage, these sediments were buried by fine-grained clastics of the Indus Fan or sediment-gravity flows from the Indian peninsula. The total sediment thickness and the type of crust underlying the outer margin suggests that hydrocarbons were probably generated and migrated to traps that formed along the margin. In this regard, the existing production in the Mumbai offshore basin represents only the distal and youngest parts of the migratory path. Larger accumulations, closer to the kitchen area, should be expected in the earliest sedimentary sequences. In contrast, the southernmost of the marginal basins along the western coast of India, the KKL basin, did not go through a "restricted basin" phase and hence it is probably gas prone.
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References
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Beglinger, S.E., Corver, M.P., Doust, H., Cloetingh, and Thurmond, A.K. (2012), A new approach of relating petroleum system and play development to basin evolution: An application to the conjugate margin Gabon coastal and Almada-Camamu basins, Am Assoc Petr Geol B, v. 96, no. 6, p. 953-982.
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Biswas, S.K. (2012), Status of petroleum exploration in India, Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad, v. 78, no. 3, p. 475-494.
Brownfield, M.E. (2016a), Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Niger Delta Province, Nigeria and Cameroon, Africa, in Brownfield, M.E., compiler, Geologic assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources of Sub-Saharan Africa: US Geol Surv, Digital Data Series 69–GG, chap. 5, 20 p., available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds69GG.
Brownfield, M.E. (2016b), Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Mozambique Coastal Province, East Africa, in Brownfield, M.E., compiler, Geologic assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources of Sub-Saharan Africa: US Geol Surv, Digital Data Series 69--GG, chap. 10, 13p.available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds69GG
Calvès, G. , Schwab, A. M., Huuse, M., Clift, P.D., Gaina, C., Jolley, D., Tabrez, A. R., and Inam, A. (2011), Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the western Indian rifted margin: The pre-Deccan igneous province, J Geophy Res v. 116, B01101, 28p.
Campanile, D. , Nambiar, C.G. ,Bishop, P. , Widdowson, M. and Brown, R. (2008), Sedimentation record in the Konkan-Kerala Basin: implications for the evolution of the Western Ghats and the Western Indian passive margin, Basin Res , v 20, p. 3-22.
CGX (2015), Corporate presentation: Exploring for oil and gas in Guyana, available online at: http://cgxenergy.ca/cmsAssets/docs/presentations/CGX_Energy_Inc_Corporate%20Presentation_May_2015_v3.pdf, 20p.
Corfield, R. I., Carmichael, S., Bennett, J., Akhter, S., Fatimi, M., and Craig, T. (2010), Variability in the crustal structure of the West Indian Continental Margin in the Northern Arabian Sea, Petrol Geosci, 16, 257-265.
Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (2016), India's Geological Insights, Basin Information, available online at: http://dghindia.gov.in/index.php/page?pageId=67
Dwivedi, A.K. (2016), Petroleum Exploration in India - A perspective and Endeavours, Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad, v. 82, no. 3, p. 881-903.
Griffith, C.P. (2017), Hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic source rocks in the Guiana-Suriname basins: Am Assoc. Pet. Geol. Search and Discovery Article #10941, 28p, available online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2017/10941griffith/ndx_griffith.pdf.html
Hodgson, N., Rodrigues, K., Intawong, A., and Eastwell, D. (2016), South Atlantic recent slope setting discoveries, the proven pathway to the ultra-deep water basin floor fan play, IPTC-18902-MS, Internat. Pet. Tech. Conf. , Bangkok, 8p.
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James, K.H. (2011), Continent below the oceans: how much and how far? The future for deepwater exploration (and geopolitics), Oil Gas J, v. 109, issue 10, 12p.
Klett, T.R., Schenk, C.J., Wandrey, C. J., Charpentier, R.R., Cook, T.A., Brownfield, M.E., Pitman, J.K., and Pollastro, R.M. (2012), Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Assam, Bombay, Cauvery, and Krishna-Godavari Geologic Provinces, South Asia, 2011, US Geol Surv, Fact Sheet 2012-3059, 4p.
Martin, J., Tootthill, S., Moussavoou, R. (2009), Hunting the pre-salt, GEO Expro, v. 6, no 6, p. 39-41.
McCarthy, K, Rojas, K., Niemann, M., Palmowski, D., Peters, K., Stankiewicz, A. (2011), Basic petroleum geochemistry for source rock evaluation, Oilfield Rev, v. 23, no. 2, p. 32-43.
Mishra, J. (2008), Deeper plays in Bombay Offshore basin: A renewed exploration thrust, 7th Inter Conf & Exp on Pet Geophy, Hyderabad, 7p, available online at: https://www.spgindia.org/2008/336.pdf
Mohriak, W. (2015), Pre-Salt Carbonate Reservoirs in the South Atlantic and World-wide Analogs, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Search and Discovery Article #51086, 39p, available online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2015/51086mohriak/ndx_mohriak.pdf
Munroe, N.H.H, and Gill, P.K.S. (2008), Deepwater resource exploitation- A new frontier for hydrocarbon supply, Sixth Int. Lat. Amer. and Caribbean Conf for Eng. and Tech (LACCEI 2008), 9p. available online at:
http://www.laccei.org/LACCEI2008-Honduras/Papers/Ene139_Munroe.pdf
Nathaniel, D. M. (2013), Hydrocarbon potential of sub-basalt Mesozoics of deepwater Kerala basin, India, available online at: https://www.spgindia.org/10_biennial_form/P428.pdf
NemÄok, M., and Rybár S.,2016, Rift–drift transition in a magma-rich system: the Gop Rift–Laxmi Basin case study, West India, Geol Soc, London, Spec Publ 445, p. 95-117.
Pande, D.K., Singh, R.R., and Chandra, K. (2008), Source rocks in deep water depositional systems of East and West coasts of India, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Search and Discovery article #10169, 26p.Available online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2008/08187pande/ndx_pande.pdf.html
Pandey, A. and Pandey, D. K. (2015), Mechanism of crustal extension in the Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea, Geodesy and Geodyn, v.6, no. 6, p. 409-422.
Pandey, D.K, Clift, P.D., Kulhanek, D.K, and the Expedition 355 Scientists (2016), Site U1457, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Volume 355, 49p. available online at: http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/355/EXP_REPT/CHAPTERS/355_104.PDF#page=5
Rajmon, D and Egorov, V., 2015, An Overlooked Petroleum System: Is it possible to generate hydrocarbons over the oceanic crust?, GEO ExPro, v.12, no. 6, p12.
Ramana, M.V., Desa, M. A., Ramprasad, T. (2015), Re-examination of geophysical data off Northwest India: Implication to the Late Cretaceous plate tectonics between India and Africa, Mar Geo, v. 365, p. 36-51.
Roberts, G., Harmer, C., Rutherford, K, and O'Brien, C. (2010), Deepwater West Coast India: Pre Basalt and other Mesozoic Plays, GEO2010_India_Tech_Poster_Full_Abst, 9 p, available online at: http://www.spectrumgeo.com/wpcontent/uploads/GEO2010_India_Technical_Poster_Full_Abstract1.pdf
Scaife, G. (2012), Hydrocarbon exploration in India's remaining frontier offshore regions: West Coast India v Andaman Islands, presentation at SEAPEX London, Nov. 2012, available online at:
http://docplayer.net/42448807-Hydrocarbon-exploration-in-india-s-remaining-frontier-offshore-regions.html
Seton, M., Müller, R.D., Zahirovic, S., Gaina, C., Torsvik, T., Shepard, G., Talsma, A., Gurnis, M., Turner, M., Maus, S., and Chandler, M. (2012), Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200Ma, Earth Sci Rev 113, p. 212-270.
Shipboard Scientific Party (2007), Site 219, DSDP vol XXIII (1974), 84p., available online at: http://deepseadrilling.org/23/dsdp_toc.htm
Talwani, M. and Reif, C. (1998), Laxmi Ridge - A continental sliver in the Arabian Sea, Mar Geophys. Letters, v. 20, p. 259-271.
Thambi, S. (2017), Highlights for India from the latest World Energy Outlook, available online at: http://indiaenergy.gov.in/highlights-for-india-from-the-latest-world-energy-outlook/
Tyrrell, M., Xie, J., Shi K., Conn, P., and Chandler, P. (2014), A new oil play in East Africa, GEO Expro, v. 11, no. 6, p. 46-50.
Whittaker, J., Goncharov, A., Williams, Si, Müller, R. D., Leitchenkov, G. (2013), Global sediment thickness dataset updated for the Australian-Antarctic Southern Ocean, Geochem Geophy Geosys (ver 2), available online at: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/sedthick/
Bastia, R. and Radhakrishna, M. (2011), Subsurface geology, depositional history, and petroleum systems along the western offshore basins of India, in Basin Evolution and Petroleum Prospectivity of the Continental Margins of India, Chapter 6, Dev Petr Sci, v. 59, Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam, p. 269-317.
Beglinger, S.E., Corver, M.P., Doust, H., Cloetingh, and Thurmond, A.K. (2012), A new approach of relating petroleum system and play development to basin evolution: An application to the conjugate margin Gabon coastal and Almada-Camamu basins, Am Assoc Petr Geol B, v. 96, no. 6, p. 953-982.
Bhattacharya, G.C. and Yatheesh, V. (2015), Plate-Tectonic evolution of the deep ocean basins adjoining the western continental margins of India-A Proposed model for the early opening scenario: in Mukherjee, S. (ed.), Petrol Geosci: Indian Contexts, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, p. 1-61.
Biswas, S.K. (2012), Status of petroleum exploration in India, Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad, v. 78, no. 3, p. 475-494.
Brownfield, M.E. (2016a), Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Niger Delta Province, Nigeria and Cameroon, Africa, in Brownfield, M.E., compiler, Geologic assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources of Sub-Saharan Africa: US Geol Surv, Digital Data Series 69–GG, chap. 5, 20 p., available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds69GG.
Brownfield, M.E. (2016b), Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Mozambique Coastal Province, East Africa, in Brownfield, M.E., compiler, Geologic assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources of Sub-Saharan Africa: US Geol Surv, Digital Data Series 69--GG, chap. 10, 13p.available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds69GG
Calvès, G. , Schwab, A. M., Huuse, M., Clift, P.D., Gaina, C., Jolley, D., Tabrez, A. R., and Inam, A. (2011), Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the western Indian rifted margin: The pre-Deccan igneous province, J Geophy Res v. 116, B01101, 28p.
Campanile, D. , Nambiar, C.G. ,Bishop, P. , Widdowson, M. and Brown, R. (2008), Sedimentation record in the Konkan-Kerala Basin: implications for the evolution of the Western Ghats and the Western Indian passive margin, Basin Res , v 20, p. 3-22.
CGX (2015), Corporate presentation: Exploring for oil and gas in Guyana, available online at: http://cgxenergy.ca/cmsAssets/docs/presentations/CGX_Energy_Inc_Corporate%20Presentation_May_2015_v3.pdf, 20p.
Corfield, R. I., Carmichael, S., Bennett, J., Akhter, S., Fatimi, M., and Craig, T. (2010), Variability in the crustal structure of the West Indian Continental Margin in the Northern Arabian Sea, Petrol Geosci, 16, 257-265.
Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (2016), India's Geological Insights, Basin Information, available online at: http://dghindia.gov.in/index.php/page?pageId=67
Dwivedi, A.K. (2016), Petroleum Exploration in India - A perspective and Endeavours, Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad, v. 82, no. 3, p. 881-903.
Griffith, C.P. (2017), Hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic source rocks in the Guiana-Suriname basins: Am Assoc. Pet. Geol. Search and Discovery Article #10941, 28p, available online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2017/10941griffith/ndx_griffith.pdf.html
Hodgson, N., Rodrigues, K., Intawong, A., and Eastwell, D. (2016), South Atlantic recent slope setting discoveries, the proven pathway to the ultra-deep water basin floor fan play, IPTC-18902-MS, Internat. Pet. Tech. Conf. , Bangkok, 8p.
International Energy Agency (2015), India Energy Outlook, 191p, available online at: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2015/IndiaEnergyOutlook_WEO2015.pdf
Issacs, J. (2017), The Kutch Basin, history and progression into India's eighth producing basin, available online at: https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/the-kutch-basin-history-and-progression-into-indias-eighth-producing-basin.html
James, K.H. (2011), Continent below the oceans: how much and how far? The future for deepwater exploration (and geopolitics), Oil Gas J, v. 109, issue 10, 12p.
Klett, T.R., Schenk, C.J., Wandrey, C. J., Charpentier, R.R., Cook, T.A., Brownfield, M.E., Pitman, J.K., and Pollastro, R.M. (2012), Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Assam, Bombay, Cauvery, and Krishna-Godavari Geologic Provinces, South Asia, 2011, US Geol Surv, Fact Sheet 2012-3059, 4p.
Martin, J., Tootthill, S., Moussavoou, R. (2009), Hunting the pre-salt, GEO Expro, v. 6, no 6, p. 39-41.
McCarthy, K, Rojas, K., Niemann, M., Palmowski, D., Peters, K., Stankiewicz, A. (2011), Basic petroleum geochemistry for source rock evaluation, Oilfield Rev, v. 23, no. 2, p. 32-43.
Mishra, J. (2008), Deeper plays in Bombay Offshore basin: A renewed exploration thrust, 7th Inter Conf & Exp on Pet Geophy, Hyderabad, 7p, available online at: https://www.spgindia.org/2008/336.pdf
Mohriak, W. (2015), Pre-Salt Carbonate Reservoirs in the South Atlantic and World-wide Analogs, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Search and Discovery Article #51086, 39p, available online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2015/51086mohriak/ndx_mohriak.pdf
Munroe, N.H.H, and Gill, P.K.S. (2008), Deepwater resource exploitation- A new frontier for hydrocarbon supply, Sixth Int. Lat. Amer. and Caribbean Conf for Eng. and Tech (LACCEI 2008), 9p. available online at:
http://www.laccei.org/LACCEI2008-Honduras/Papers/Ene139_Munroe.pdf
Nathaniel, D. M. (2013), Hydrocarbon potential of sub-basalt Mesozoics of deepwater Kerala basin, India, available online at: https://www.spgindia.org/10_biennial_form/P428.pdf
NemÄok, M., and Rybár S.,2016, Rift–drift transition in a magma-rich system: the Gop Rift–Laxmi Basin case study, West India, Geol Soc, London, Spec Publ 445, p. 95-117.
Pande, D.K., Singh, R.R., and Chandra, K. (2008), Source rocks in deep water depositional systems of East and West coasts of India, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Search and Discovery article #10169, 26p.Available online at: http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2008/08187pande/ndx_pande.pdf.html
Pandey, A. and Pandey, D. K. (2015), Mechanism of crustal extension in the Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea, Geodesy and Geodyn, v.6, no. 6, p. 409-422.
Pandey, D.K, Clift, P.D., Kulhanek, D.K, and the Expedition 355 Scientists (2016), Site U1457, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Volume 355, 49p. available online at: http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/355/EXP_REPT/CHAPTERS/355_104.PDF#page=5
Rajmon, D and Egorov, V., 2015, An Overlooked Petroleum System: Is it possible to generate hydrocarbons over the oceanic crust?, GEO ExPro, v.12, no. 6, p12.
Ramana, M.V., Desa, M. A., Ramprasad, T. (2015), Re-examination of geophysical data off Northwest India: Implication to the Late Cretaceous plate tectonics between India and Africa, Mar Geo, v. 365, p. 36-51.
Roberts, G., Harmer, C., Rutherford, K, and O'Brien, C. (2010), Deepwater West Coast India: Pre Basalt and other Mesozoic Plays, GEO2010_India_Tech_Poster_Full_Abst, 9 p, available online at: http://www.spectrumgeo.com/wpcontent/uploads/GEO2010_India_Technical_Poster_Full_Abstract1.pdf
Scaife, G. (2012), Hydrocarbon exploration in India's remaining frontier offshore regions: West Coast India v Andaman Islands, presentation at SEAPEX London, Nov. 2012, available online at:
http://docplayer.net/42448807-Hydrocarbon-exploration-in-india-s-remaining-frontier-offshore-regions.html
Seton, M., Müller, R.D., Zahirovic, S., Gaina, C., Torsvik, T., Shepard, G., Talsma, A., Gurnis, M., Turner, M., Maus, S., and Chandler, M. (2012), Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200Ma, Earth Sci Rev 113, p. 212-270.
Shipboard Scientific Party (2007), Site 219, DSDP vol XXIII (1974), 84p., available online at: http://deepseadrilling.org/23/dsdp_toc.htm
Talwani, M. and Reif, C. (1998), Laxmi Ridge - A continental sliver in the Arabian Sea, Mar Geophys. Letters, v. 20, p. 259-271.
Thambi, S. (2017), Highlights for India from the latest World Energy Outlook, available online at: http://indiaenergy.gov.in/highlights-for-india-from-the-latest-world-energy-outlook/
Tyrrell, M., Xie, J., Shi K., Conn, P., and Chandler, P. (2014), A new oil play in East Africa, GEO Expro, v. 11, no. 6, p. 46-50.
Whittaker, J., Goncharov, A., Williams, Si, Müller, R. D., Leitchenkov, G. (2013), Global sediment thickness dataset updated for the Australian-Antarctic Southern Ocean, Geochem Geophy Geosys (ver 2), available online at: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/sedthick/
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Published
2018-12-31
How to Cite
Kumar, N. (2018). Petroleum Potential of the West Coast of India. Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists (peer Reviewed), 35(2), 33–49. Retrieved from http://journal.indiansedimentologists.com/ojs/index.php/1/article/view/40
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Sedimentology
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